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ACE Developer»论坛 › 开发基础 › 开源类库和工具 › GNU Autotools (autoconf, automake, libtool, etc.) 自 ...
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GNU Autotools (autoconf, automake, libtool, etc.) 自动化编译 (2)

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发表于 2012-2-16 10:38:42 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
0. 基础
    先阅读GNU Autotools (autoconf, automake, libtool, etc.) 自动化编译 (1) 简单示例并成功执行、理解所说内容。
1. 先提供一个脚本。拷贝所有内容保存为文件atdir.sh并添加可执行权限，然后执行。注意，最好不要以根用户身份执行它。
  1. #!/bin/sh
  3. echo "Autotools for autotools multi directories (stands for atdirs)"
  5. echo_exit()
  6. {
  7.         echo "ERROR: $@"
  8.         exit 1
  9. }
  11. # 1. prepare directories and dummy files
  12. [ ! -e "atdirs" ] || echo_exit "atdirs exists, please remove or rename it"
  13. mkdir atdirs && cd atdirs || echo_exit "mkdir -p atdirs or cd atdirs failed"
  15. mkdir -p doc build-aux m4 man src/{include/atdirs,lib{1,2},tests} || \
  16.         echo_exit "create subdirectory failed"
  17. touch AUTHORS BUGS ChangeLog COPYING NEWS README || \
  18.         echo_exit "touch dummy files failed"
  20. # 2. generates source, header files
  21. cat > src/include/atdirs/lib1.h <<EOF
  22. #ifndef __ATDIRS_LIB1_H_
  23. #define __ATDIRS_LIB1_H_
  25. void lib1_print();
  27. #endif
  28. EOF
  29. cat > src/include/atdirs/lib2.h <<EOF
  30. #ifndef __ATDIRS_LIB2_H_
  31. #define __ATDIRS_LIB2_H_
  33. void lib2_print();
  35. #endif
  36. EOF
  38. cat > src/lib1/print.c <<EOF
  39. #ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
  40. #include <config.h>
  41. #endif
  43. #include <stdio.h>
  44. #include <atdirs/lib1.h>
  46. void lib1_print()
  47. {
  48.         printf("lib1-print: " PACKAGE_STRING " <lib-1>\n");
  49. }
  50. EOF
  52. cat > src/lib2/print.c <<EOF
  53. #ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
  54. #include <config.h>
  55. #endif
  57. #include <stdio.h>
  58. #include <atdirs/lib2.h>
  60. void lib2_print()
  61. {
  62.         printf("lib2-print: " PACKAGE_STRING " <lib-2>\n");
  63. }
  64. EOF
  66. cat > src/tests/test.c <<EOF
  67. #include <atdirs/lib1.h>
  68. #include <atdirs/lib2.h>
  70. int main(void)
  71. {
  72.         lib1_print();
  73.         lib2_print();
  74.         return 0;
  75. }
  76. EOF
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# 2. generates Makefil.am files
  2. cat > Makefile.am << EOF
  3. SUBDIRS = doc man src
  5. ACLOCAL_AMFLAGS = -I m4
  7. EXTRA_DIST = ChangeLog BUGS COPYING
  8. EOF
  9. # doc, man needs an empty Makefile.am
  10. touch {doc,man}/Makefile.am
  11. # src needs a valid Makefile.am
  12. cat > src/Makefile.am << EOF
  13. SUBDIRS = lib1 lib2 . tests
  15. lib_LTLIBRARIES = libatdirs.la
  16. libatdirs_la_SOURCES =
  17. libatdirs_la_LIBADD = lib1/libatdirs_lib1.la lib2/libatdirs_lib2.la
  18. libatdirs_la_LDFLAGS = -release \$(PACKAGE_VERSION) -version-info 1
  20. include_HEADERS = \$(top_srcdir)/\$(atdirs_includedir)/atdirs/lib1.h \
  21.                   \$(top_srcdir)/\$(atdirs_includedir)/atdirs/lib2.h
  22. EOF
  24. cat > src/lib1/Makefile.am << EOF
  25. include \$(top_srcdir)/Makefile.rules
  27. noinst_LTLIBRARIES = libatdirs_lib1.la
  28. libatdirs_lib1_la_SOURCES = print.c
  29. EOF
  31. cat > src/lib2/Makefile.am << EOF
  32. include \$(top_srcdir)/Makefile.rules
  34. noinst_LTLIBRARIES = libatdirs_lib2.la
  35. libatdirs_lib2_la_SOURCES = print.c
  36. EOF
  38. cat > src/tests/Makefile.am << EOF
  39. include \$(top_srcdir)/Makefile.rules
  41. bin_PROGRAMS = test
  42. test_SOURCES = test.c
  43. test_LDADD = ../libatdirs.la
  44. EOF
  46. # Makefile.rules:
  47. cat > Makefile.rules << EOF || echo_exit "generates Makefile.rules failed"
  48. AM_CPPFLAGS = -I\$(top_srcdir)/\$(atdirs_includedir)
  50. install-header:
  51.         \$(MKDIR_P) "\$(DESTDIR)\$(includedir)" || exit $?
  52.         cp -av \$(top_srcdir)/\$(atdirs_includedir) "\$(DESTDIR)\$(includedir)" \
  53.                 || exit $?
  54. EOF
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# 3. generates configure.ac
  2. cat > configure.ac << EOF
  3. #                                               -*- Autoconf -*-
  4. # Process this file with autoconf to produce a configure script.
  6. AC_PREREQ([2.67])
  7. AC_INIT([atdirs], [1.0.0], [cppgp@qq.com], [ycc], [http://blog.csdn.net/cppgp])
  8. AC_CONFIG_AUX_DIR([build-aux])
  9. AC_CANONICAL_BUILD
  10. AC_CANONICAL_HOST
  11. AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE([-Wall -Werror gnu])
  12. LT_INIT
  13. AC_COPYRIGHT([GPLv2])
  14. AC_REVISION([\$Revision: 1.0 \$])
  15. AC_CONFIG_SRCDIR([ChangeLog])
  16. AC_CONFIG_HEADERS([config.h])
  17. AC_CONFIG_MACRO_DIR([m4])
  19. # Checks for programs.
  20. AC_PROG_CC
  22. # Checks for libraries.
  24. # Checks for header files.
  25.              
  26. # Checks for library functions.
  27. AC_SUBST([atdirs_includedir], [src/include])
  28. AC_CONFIG_FILES([Makefile
  29.                  doc/Makefile
  30.                  man/Makefile
  31.                  src/Makefile
  32.                  src/lib1/Makefile
  33.                  src/lib2/Makefile
  34.                  src/tests/Makefile
  35.                  ])
  36. AC_OUTPUT
  37. EOF
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# 4. generates configure
  2. echo "now try to generates configure, it may take some seconds, please wait ..."
  3. autoreconf --install -Wall || echo_exit "autoreconf failed"
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# 5. builds it
  2. mkdir -p build && cd build || echo_exit "mkdir -p build && cd build failed"
  3. ../configure || echo_exit "configure failed"
  4. make || echo_exit "make failed"
  5. make DESTDIR=$PWD/install install || echo_exit "install failed"
  6. echo "now try to make distcheck, it may take some seconds, please wait ..."
  7. make dist && make distcheck || echo_exit "make dist && make distcheck failed"
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# 6. run testecho "Run test:"
  1. ./src/tests/test || echo_exit "run test failed"
  2. echo "If you want run test positioned at install, you should set LD_LIBRARY_PATH, or else you need install it in standard directory with root privilege"
  3. echo "Autoconf for multi directories tests success over !"
  5. 执行方法如下：
  6. chmod +x atdirs.sh && ./atdirs.sh
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如果一切正常，你应该看到类似如下的结果：Autotools for autotools multi directories (stands for atdirs)
  2. now try to generates configure, it may take some seconds, please wait ...
  3. libtoolize: putting auxiliary files in AC_CONFIG_AUX_DIR, `build-aux'.
  4. libtoolize: copying file `build-aux/ltmain.sh'
  5. libtoolize: putting macros in AC_CONFIG_MACRO_DIR, `m4'.
  6. libtoolize: copying file `m4/libtool.m4'
  7. libtoolize: copying file `m4/ltoptions.m4'
  8. libtoolize: copying file `m4/ltsugar.m4'
  9. libtoolize: copying file `m4/ltversion.m4'
  10. libtoolize: copying file `m4/lt~obsolete.m4'
  11. configure.ac:7: installing `build-aux/config.guess'
  12. configure.ac:7: installing `build-aux/config.sub'
  13. configure.ac:9: installing `build-aux/install-sh'
  14. configure.ac:9: installing `build-aux/missing'
  15. src/lib1/Makefile.am: installing `build-aux/depcomp'
  16. Makefile.am: installing `./INSTALL'
  17. checking build system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
  18. checking host system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
  19. checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c
  20. <--------------------------------------
  21. 中间很长的一段省略掉了。。。
  22. --------------------------------------->
  23. make[2]: Leaving directory `/home/yanyg/work/git/t410/github.yanyg/misc/auto-tools/example/atdirs/build/ycc-1.0.0/_build'
  24. rm -f config.status config.cache config.log configure.lineno config.status.lineno
  25. rm -f Makefile
  26. make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/yanyg/work/git/t410/github.yanyg/misc/auto-tools/example/atdirs/build/ycc-1.0.0/_build'
  27. { test ! -d "ycc-1.0.0" || { find "ycc-1.0.0" -type d ! -perm -200 -exec chmod u+w {} ';' && rm -fr "ycc-1.0.0"; }; }
  28. ===========================================
  29. ycc-1.0.0 archives ready for distribution:
  30. ycc-1.0.0.tar.gz
  31. ===========================================
  32. Run test:
  33. lib1-print: atdirs 1.0.0 <lib-1>
  34. lib2-print: atdirs 1.0.0 <lib-2>
  35. If you want run test positioned at install, you should set LD_LIBRARY_PATH, or else you need install it in standard directory with root privilege
  36. Autoconf for multi directories tests success over !
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需要提醒的一点：libtool编译后生成的atdirs/build/src/tests/test实际上是一个脚本，实际的可执行文件在atdirs/build/src/tests/.libs下。


2. configure.ac 分析说明
3. Makefile.am 分析说明
4. autoconf 生成的 Makefile 提供的几种常用目标
5. 资源推荐
   ( 待续。。。）

作者：cppgp 发表于2012-2-15 23:55:49 原文链接

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