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ACE Developer»论坛 › 开发基础 › 开源类库和工具 › GNU Autotools (autoconf, automake, libtool, etc.) 自 ...
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GNU Autotools (autoconf, automake, libtool, etc.) 自动化编译 (1)

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发表于 2012-2-14 23:09:22 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式

个人还是推荐使用cmake，更胜一筹！

0. 操作平台: Linux

1. 软件包安装(Debian)

yes | sudo apt-get install gcc make autoconf automake libtool

2. 从一个例子谈起。
    2.0 完整拷贝如下代码直接在终端执行或者保存为auto-example.sh，添加执行权限执行。或者参考2.1~2.5逐步执行。
  1. echo "create directory ..."
  2. echo_exit()
  3. {
  4.         echo "ERROR: $@"
  5.         exit 1
  6. }
复制代码
# 1.
  1. mkdir hello && cd hello || echo_exit "mkdir hello or cd hello failed"
  2. cat > hello.c <<EOF || echo_exit "generates hello.c failed"
  3. #include <stdio.h>
  4. int main()
  5. {
  6.     printf("hello auto-tools!\n");
  7.     return 0;
  8. }
  9. EOF
复制代码
# 2.
  1. cat > Makefile.am << EOF || echo_exit "generates Makefile.am failed"
  2. bin_PROGRAMS = hello
  3. hello_SOURCES = hello.c
  4. EOF
复制代码
# 3.
  1. cat > configure.ac << EOF || echo_exit "generates configure.ac failed"
  2. #                                               -*- Autoconf -*-
  3. # Process this file with autoconf to produce a configure script.
  5. AC_PREREQ([2.67])
  6. AC_INIT([hello], [1.0], [yygcode@gmail.com])
  7. AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE([-Wall -Werror foreign])
  8. AC_CONFIG_SRCDIR([hello.c])
  9. AC_CONFIG_HEADERS([config.h])
  11. # Checks for programs.
  12. AC_PROG_CC
  14. # Checks for libraries.
  16. # Checks for header files.
  18. # Checks for typedefs, structures, and compiler characteristics.
  20. # Checks for library functions.
  22. AC_CONFIG_FILES([Makefile])
  23. AC_OUTPUT
  24. EOF
复制代码
  1. # 4.
  2. autoreconf --install || echo_exit "autoreconf --install failed"
  4. # 5.
  5. ./configure && make || echo_exit "configure or make failed"
  7. # 6.
  8. make dist && make distcheck || echo_exit "make dist && make distcheck failed"
  10. echo "All Do Over Success"
  14.     2.1 创建hello目录和源代码hello.c：          ~$ mkdir hello && cd hello
  15. ~$ cat > hello.c <<EOF
  16. #include <stdio.h>
  17. int main()
  18. {
  19.     printf("hello auto-tools!\n");
  20.     return 0;
  21. }
  22. EOF    2.2 创建 Makefile.am
  23. ~$ cat > Makefile.am << EOF
  24. bin_PROGRAMS = hello
  25. hello_SOURCES = hello.c
  26. EOF    2.3 用 autoscan 生成configure.ac的模板configure.scan
  28. ~$ autoscan
  29. ~$ cat configure.scan
  30. #                                               -*- Autoconf -*-
  31. # Process this file with autoconf to produce a configure script.
  33. AC_PREREQ([2.67])
  34. AC_INIT([FULL-PACKAGE-NAME], [VERSION], [BUG-REPORT-ADDRESS])
  35. AC_CONFIG_SRCDIR([hello.c])
  36. AC_CONFIG_HEADERS([config.h])
  38. # Checks for programs.
  39. AC_PROG_CC
  41. # Checks for libraries.
  43. # Checks for header files.
  45. # Checks for typedefs, structures, and compiler characteristics.
  47. # Checks for library functions.
  49. AC_CONFIG_FILES([Makefile])
  50. AC_OUTPUT      
  51. 需要修改configure.scan的不问内容并保存为configure.ac。为了方便，直接用如下指令生成configure.ac：
  53. ~$ cat > configure.ac << EOF
  54. #                                               -*- Autoconf -*-
  55. # Process this file with autoconf to produce a configure script.
  57. AC_PREREQ([2.67])
  58. AC_INIT([hello], [1.0], [yygcode@gmail.com])
  59. AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE([-Wall -Werror foreign])
  60. AC_CONFIG_SRCDIR([hello.c])
  61. AC_CONFIG_HEADERS([config.h])
  63. # Checks for programs.
  64. AC_PROG_CC
  66. # Checks for libraries.
  68. # Checks for header files.
  70. # Checks for typedefs, structures, and compiler characteristics.
  72. # Checks for library functions.
  74. AC_CONFIG_FILES([Makefile])
  75. AC_OUTPUT
  76. EOF      可以看出，只是修改了AC_INIT行，并添加了AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE行。
  78.     2.4 使用autoreconf直接生成可执行configure并执行编译：
  79. ~$ autoreconf --install
  80. configure.ac:6: installing `./install-sh'
  81. configure.ac:6: installing `./missing'
  82. Makefile.am: installing `./depcomp'
  83. ~$ ./configure
  84. checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c
  85. checking whether build environment is sane... yes
  86. checking for a thread-safe mkdir -p... /bin/mkdir -p
  87. checking for gawk... gawk
  88. checking whether make sets $(MAKE)... yes
  89. checking for gcc... gcc
  90. checking whether the C compiler works... yes
  91. checking for C compiler default output file name... a.out
  92. checking for suffix of executables...
  93. checking whether we are cross compiling... no
  94. checking for suffix of object files... o
  95. checking whether we are using the GNU C compiler... yes
  96. checking whether gcc accepts -g... yes
  97. checking for gcc option to accept ISO C89... none needed
  98. checking for style of include used by make... GNU
  99. checking dependency style of gcc... gcc3
  100. configure: creating ./config.status
  101. config.status: creating Makefile
  102. config.status: creating config.h
  103. config.status: executing depfiles commands
  104. ~$ make
  105. make  all-am
  106. make[1]: Entering directory `/tmp/hello'
  107. gcc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I.     -g -O2 -MT hello.o -MD -MP -MF .deps/hello.Tpo -c -o hello.o hello.c
  108. mv -f .deps/hello.Tpo .deps/hello.Po
  109. gcc  -g -O2   -o hello hello.o  
  110. make[1]: Leaving directory `/tmp/hello'
  111. ~$ ./hello
  112. hello auto-tools!
  113.     2.5生成发行包并检测完整性：
  115. ~$ make dist && make distcheck
  116. /bin/sh ./config.status --recheck
  117. running CONFIG_SHELL=/bin/sh /bin/sh ./configure --no-create --no-recursion
  118. checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c
  119. checking whether build environment is sane... yes
  120. checking for a thread-safe mkdir -p... /bin/mkdir -p
  121. checking for gawk... gawk
  122. checking whether make sets $(MAKE)... yes
  123. checking for gcc... gcc
  124. checking whether the C compiler works... yes
  125. checking for C compiler default output file name... a.out
  126. checking for suffix of executables...
  127. checking whether we are cross compiling... no
  128. checking for suffix of object files... o
  129. checking whether we are using the GNU C compiler... yes
  130. checking whether gcc accepts -g... yes
  131. checking for gcc option to accept ISO C89... none needed
  132. checking for style of include used by make... GNU
  133. checking dependency style of gcc... gcc3
  134. configure: creating ./config.status
  135. /bin/sh ./config.status
  136. config.status: creating Makefile
  137. config.status: creating config.h
  138. config.status: config.h is unchanged
  139. config.status: executing depfiles commands
  140. { test ! -d "hello-1.0" || { find "hello-1.0" -type d ! -perm -200 -exec chmod u+w {} ';' && rm -fr "hello-1.0"; }; }
  141. test -d "hello-1.0" || mkdir "hello-1.0"
  142. test -n "" \
  143.         || find "hello-1.0" -type d ! -perm -755 \
  144.                 -exec chmod u+rwx,go+rx {} \; -o \
  145.           ! -type d ! -perm -444 -links 1 -exec chmod a+r {} \; -o \
  146.           ! -type d ! -perm -400 -exec chmod a+r {} \; -o \
  147.           ! -type d ! -perm -444 -exec /bin/sh /tmp/hello/install-sh -c -m a+r {} {} \; \
  148.         || chmod -R a+r "hello-1.0"
  149. tardir=hello-1.0 && /bin/sh /tmp/hello/missing --run tar chof - "$tardir" | GZIP=--best gzip -c >hello-1.0.tar.gz
  150. { test ! -d "hello-1.0" || { find "hello-1.0" -type d ! -perm -200 -exec chmod u+w {} ';' && rm -fr "hello-1.0"; }; }
  151. { test ! -d "hello-1.0" || { find "hello-1.0" -type d ! -perm -200 -exec chmod u+w {} ';' && rm -fr "hello-1.0"; }; }
  152. test -d "hello-1.0" || mkdir "hello-1.0"
  153. test -n "" \
  154.         || find "hello-1.0" -type d ! -perm -755 \
  155.                 -exec chmod u+rwx,go+rx {} \; -o \
  156.           ! -type d ! -perm -444 -links 1 -exec chmod a+r {} \; -o \
  157.           ! -type d ! -perm -400 -exec chmod a+r {} \; -o \
  158.           ! -type d ! -perm -444 -exec /bin/sh /tmp/hello/install-sh -c -m a+r {} {} \; \
  159.         || chmod -R a+r "hello-1.0"
  160. tardir=hello-1.0 && /bin/sh /tmp/hello/missing --run tar chof - "$tardir" | GZIP=--best gzip -c >hello-1.0.tar.gz
  161. { test ! -d "hello-1.0" || { find "hello-1.0" -type d ! -perm -200 -exec chmod u+w {} ';' && rm -fr "hello-1.0"; }; }
  162. case 'hello-1.0.tar.gz' in \
  163.         *.tar.gz*) \
  164.           GZIP=--best gzip -dc hello-1.0.tar.gz | /bin/sh /tmp/hello/missing --run tar xf - ;;\
  165.         *.tar.bz2*) \
  166.           bzip2 -dc hello-1.0.tar.bz2 | /bin/sh /tmp/hello/missing --run tar xf - ;;\
  167.         *.tar.lzma*) \
  168.           lzma -dc hello-1.0.tar.lzma | /bin/sh /tmp/hello/missing --run tar xf - ;;\
  169.         *.tar.xz*) \
  170.           xz -dc hello-1.0.tar.xz | /bin/sh /tmp/hello/missing --run tar xf - ;;\
  171.         *.tar.Z*) \
  172.           uncompress -c hello-1.0.tar.Z | /bin/sh /tmp/hello/missing --run tar xf - ;;\
  173.         *.shar.gz*) \
  174.           GZIP=--best gzip -dc hello-1.0.shar.gz | unshar ;;\
  175.         *.zip*) \
  176.           unzip hello-1.0.zip ;;\
  177.         esac
  178. chmod -R a-w hello-1.0; chmod a+w hello-1.0
  179. mkdir hello-1.0/_build
  180. mkdir hello-1.0/_inst
  181. chmod a-w hello-1.0
  182. test -d hello-1.0/_build || exit 0; \
  183.         dc_install_base=`CDPATH="${ZSH_VERSION+.}:" && cd hello-1.0/_inst && pwd | sed -e 's,^[^:\\/]:[\\/],/,'` \
  184.           && dc_destdir="${TMPDIR-/tmp}/am-dc-$/" \
  185.           && am__cwd=`pwd` \
  186.           && CDPATH="${ZSH_VERSION+.}:" && cd hello-1.0/_build \
  187.           && ../configure --srcdir=.. --prefix="$dc_install_base" \
  188.              \
  189.           && make  \
  190.           && make  dvi \
  191.           && make  check \
  192.           && make  install \
  193.           && make  installcheck \
  194.           && make  uninstall \
  195.           && make  distuninstallcheck_dir="$dc_install_base" \
  196.                 distuninstallcheck \
  197.           && chmod -R a-w "$dc_install_base" \
  198.           && ({ \
  199.                (cd ../.. && umask 077 && mkdir "$dc_destdir") \
  200.                && make  DESTDIR="$dc_destdir" install \
  201.                && make  DESTDIR="$dc_destdir" uninstall \
  202.                && make  DESTDIR="$dc_destdir" \
  203.                     distuninstallcheck_dir="$dc_destdir" distuninstallcheck; \
  204.               } || { rm -rf "$dc_destdir"; exit 1; }) \
  205.           && rm -rf "$dc_destdir" \
  206.           && make  dist \
  207.           && rm -rf hello-1.0.tar.gz \
  208.           && make  distcleancheck \
  209.           && cd "$am__cwd" \
  210.           || exit 1
  211. checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c
  212. checking whether build environment is sane... yes
  213. checking for a thread-safe mkdir -p... /bin/mkdir -p
  214. checking for gawk... gawk
  215. checking whether make sets $(MAKE)... yes
  216. checking for gcc... gcc
  217. checking whether the C compiler works... yes
  218. checking for C compiler default output file name... a.out
  219. checking for suffix of executables...
  220. checking whether we are cross compiling... no
  221. checking for suffix of object files... o
  222. checking whether we are using the GNU C compiler... yes
  223. checking whether gcc accepts -g... yes
  224. checking for gcc option to accept ISO C89... none needed
  225. checking for style of include used by make... GNU
  226. checking dependency style of gcc... gcc3
  227. configure: creating ./config.status
  228. config.status: creating Makefile
  229. config.status: creating config.h
  230. config.status: executing depfiles commands
  231. make[1]: Entering directory `/tmp/hello/hello-1.0/_build'
  232. make  all-am
  233. make[2]: Entering directory `/tmp/hello/hello-1.0/_build'
  234. gcc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I..     -g -O2 -MT hello.o -MD -MP -MF .deps/hello.Tpo -c -o hello.o ../hello.c
  235. mv -f .deps/hello.Tpo .deps/hello.Po
  236. gcc  -g -O2   -o hello hello.o  
  237. make[2]: Leaving directory `/tmp/hello/hello-1.0/_build'
  238. make[1]: Leaving directory `/tmp/hello/hello-1.0/_build'
  239. make[1]: Entering directory `/tmp/hello/hello-1.0/_build'
  240. make[1]: Nothing to be done for `dvi'.
  241. make[1]: Leaving directory `/tmp/hello/hello-1.0/_build'
  242. make[1]: Entering directory `/tmp/hello/hello-1.0/_build'
  243. make[1]: Nothing to be done for `check'.
  244. make[1]: Leaving directory `/tmp/hello/hello-1.0/_build'
  245. make[1]: Entering directory `/tmp/hello/hello-1.0/_build'
  246. make[2]: Entering directory `/tmp/hello/hello-1.0/_build'
  247. test -z "/tmp/hello/hello-1.0/_inst/bin" || /bin/mkdir -p "/tmp/hello/hello-1.0/_inst/bin"
  248.   /usr/bin/install -c hello '/tmp/hello/hello-1.0/_inst/bin'
  249. make[2]: Nothing to be done for `install-data-am'.
  250. make[2]: Leaving directory `/tmp/hello/hello-1.0/_build'
  251. make[1]: Leaving directory `/tmp/hello/hello-1.0/_build'
  252. make[1]: Entering directory `/tmp/hello/hello-1.0/_build'
  253. make[1]: Nothing to be done for `installcheck'.
  254. make[1]: Leaving directory `/tmp/hello/hello-1.0/_build'
  255. make[1]: Entering directory `/tmp/hello/hello-1.0/_build'
  256. ( cd '/tmp/hello/hello-1.0/_inst/bin' && rm -f hello )
  257. make[1]: Leaving directory `/tmp/hello/hello-1.0/_build'
  258. make[1]: Entering directory `/tmp/hello/hello-1.0/_build'
  259. make[1]: Leaving directory `/tmp/hello/hello-1.0/_build'
  260. make[1]: Entering directory `/tmp/hello/hello-1.0/_build'
  261. make[2]: Entering directory `/tmp/hello/hello-1.0/_build'
  262. test -z "/tmp/hello/hello-1.0/_inst/bin" || /bin/mkdir -p "/tmp/am-dc-8010//tmp/hello/hello-1.0/_inst/bin"
  263.   /usr/bin/install -c hello '/tmp/am-dc-8010//tmp/hello/hello-1.0/_inst/bin'
  264. make[2]: Nothing to be done for `install-data-am'.
  265. make[2]: Leaving directory `/tmp/hello/hello-1.0/_build'
  266. make[1]: Leaving directory `/tmp/hello/hello-1.0/_build'
  267. make[1]: Entering directory `/tmp/hello/hello-1.0/_build'
  268. ( cd '/tmp/am-dc-8010//tmp/hello/hello-1.0/_inst/bin' && rm -f hello )
  269. make[1]: Leaving directory `/tmp/hello/hello-1.0/_build'
  270. make[1]: Entering directory `/tmp/hello/hello-1.0/_build'
  271. make[1]: Leaving directory `/tmp/hello/hello-1.0/_build'
  272. make[1]: Entering directory `/tmp/hello/hello-1.0/_build'
  273. { test ! -d "hello-1.0" || { find "hello-1.0" -type d ! -perm -200 -exec chmod u+w {} ';' && rm -fr "hello-1.0"; }; }
  274. test -d "hello-1.0" || mkdir "hello-1.0"
  275. test -n "" \
  276.         || find "hello-1.0" -type d ! -perm -755 \
  277.                 -exec chmod u+rwx,go+rx {} \; -o \
  278.           ! -type d ! -perm -444 -links 1 -exec chmod a+r {} \; -o \
  279.           ! -type d ! -perm -400 -exec chmod a+r {} \; -o \
  280.           ! -type d ! -perm -444 -exec /bin/sh /tmp/hello/hello-1.0/install-sh -c -m a+r {} {} \; \
  281.         || chmod -R a+r "hello-1.0"
  282. tardir=hello-1.0 && /bin/sh /tmp/hello/hello-1.0/missing --run tar chof - "$tardir" | GZIP=--best gzip -c >hello-1.0.tar.gz
  283. { test ! -d "hello-1.0" || { find "hello-1.0" -type d ! -perm -200 -exec chmod u+w {} ';' && rm -fr "hello-1.0"; }; }
  284. make[1]: Leaving directory `/tmp/hello/hello-1.0/_build'
  285. make[1]: Entering directory `/tmp/hello/hello-1.0/_build'
  286. test -z "hello" || rm -f hello
  287. rm -f *.o
  288. rm -f *.tab.c
  289. test -z "" || rm -f
  290. test . = ".." || test -z "" || rm -f
  291. rm -f config.h stamp-h1
  292. rm -f TAGS ID GTAGS GRTAGS GSYMS GPATH tags
  293. rm -f config.status config.cache config.log configure.lineno config.status.lineno
  294. rm -rf ./.deps
  295. rm -f Makefile
  296. make[1]: Leaving directory `/tmp/hello/hello-1.0/_build'
  297. { test ! -d "hello-1.0" || { find "hello-1.0" -type d ! -perm -200 -exec chmod u+w {} ';' && rm -fr "hello-1.0"; }; }
  298. ===========================================
  299. hello-1.0 archives ready for distribution:
  300. hello-1.0.tar.gz
  301. ===========================================
复制代码

3. 一般项目并不是简单的一个.c文件。通常包括多个（嵌套的）目录。并且需要执行差异化的编译和安装，下一篇文章示范如何在一个实际项目中应用autotools。

作者：cppgp 发表于2012-2-14 17:40:22 原文链接


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发表于 2012-2-16 09:46:41 | 显示全部楼层
autotools入门，写个简单的程序，用起来很简单，但想深入还是有些难度的，主要是资料太少，大部分都是讲解单个工程的。
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