GNU Autotools (autoconf, automake, libtool, etc.) 自动化编译 (1)

winston

个人还是推荐使用cmake，更胜一筹！

0. 操作平台: Linux

1. 软件包安装(Debian)

yes | sudo apt-get install gcc make autoconf automake libtool

2. 从一个例子谈起。
    2.0 完整拷贝如下代码直接在终端执行或者保存为auto-example.sh，添加执行权限执行。或者参考2.1~2.5逐步执行。

1. echo "create directory ..."
2. echo_exit()
3. {
4.         echo "ERROR: $@"
5.         exit 1
6. }

复制代码

# 1.

1. mkdir hello && cd hello || echo_exit "mkdir hello or cd hello failed"
2. cat > hello.c <<EOF || echo_exit "generates hello.c failed"
3. #include <stdio.h>
4. int main()
5. {
6.     printf("hello auto-tools!\n");
7.     return 0;
8. }
9. EOF

复制代码

# 2.

1. cat > Makefile.am << EOF || echo_exit "generates Makefile.am failed"
2. bin_PROGRAMS = hello
3. hello_SOURCES = hello.c
4. EOF

复制代码

# 3.

1. cat > configure.ac << EOF || echo_exit "generates configure.ac failed"
2. #                                               -*- Autoconf -*-
3. # Process this file with autoconf to produce a configure script.
5. AC_PREREQ([2.67])
6. AC_INIT([hello], [1.0], [yygcode@gmail.com])
7. AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE([-Wall -Werror foreign])
8. AC_CONFIG_SRCDIR([hello.c])
9. AC_CONFIG_HEADERS([config.h])
11. # Checks for programs.
12. AC_PROG_CC
14. # Checks for libraries.
16. # Checks for header files.
18. # Checks for typedefs, structures, and compiler characteristics.
20. # Checks for library functions.
22. AC_CONFIG_FILES([Makefile])
23. AC_OUTPUT
24. EOF

复制代码

1. # 4.
2. autoreconf --install || echo_exit "autoreconf --install failed"
4. # 5.
5. ./configure && make || echo_exit "configure or make failed"
7. # 6.
8. make dist && make distcheck || echo_exit "make dist && make distcheck failed"
10. echo "All Do Over Success"
14.     2.1 创建hello目录和源代码hello.c：          ~$ mkdir hello && cd hello
15. ~$ cat > hello.c <<EOF
16. #include <stdio.h>
17. int main()
18. {
19.     printf("hello auto-tools!\n");
20.     return 0;
21. }
22. EOF    2.2 创建 Makefile.am
23. ~$ cat > Makefile.am << EOF
24. bin_PROGRAMS = hello
25. hello_SOURCES = hello.c
26. EOF    2.3 用 autoscan 生成configure.ac的模板configure.scan
28. ~$ autoscan
29. ~$ cat configure.scan
30. #                                               -*- Autoconf -*-
31. # Process this file with autoconf to produce a configure script.
33. AC_PREREQ([2.67])
34. AC_INIT([FULL-PACKAGE-NAME], [VERSION], [BUG-REPORT-ADDRESS])
35. AC_CONFIG_SRCDIR([hello.c])
36. AC_CONFIG_HEADERS([config.h])
38. # Checks for programs.
39. AC_PROG_CC
41. # Checks for libraries.
43. # Checks for header files.
45. # Checks for typedefs, structures, and compiler characteristics.
47. # Checks for library functions.
49. AC_CONFIG_FILES([Makefile])
50. AC_OUTPUT      
51. 需要修改configure.scan的不问内容并保存为configure.ac。为了方便，直接用如下指令生成configure.ac：
53. ~$ cat > configure.ac << EOF
54. #                                               -*- Autoconf -*-
55. # Process this file with autoconf to produce a configure script.
57. AC_PREREQ([2.67])
58. AC_INIT([hello], [1.0], [yygcode@gmail.com])
59. AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE([-Wall -Werror foreign])
60. AC_CONFIG_SRCDIR([hello.c])
61. AC_CONFIG_HEADERS([config.h])
63. # Checks for programs.
64. AC_PROG_CC
66. # Checks for libraries.
68. # Checks for header files.
70. # Checks for typedefs, structures, and compiler characteristics.
72. # Checks for library functions.
74. AC_CONFIG_FILES([Makefile])
75. AC_OUTPUT
76. EOF      可以看出，只是修改了AC_INIT行，并添加了AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE行。
78.     2.4 使用autoreconf直接生成可执行configure并执行编译：
79. ~$ autoreconf --install
80. configure.ac:6: installing `./install-sh'
81. configure.ac:6: installing `./missing'
82. Makefile.am: installing `./depcomp'
83. ~$ ./configure
84. checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c
85. checking whether build environment is sane... yes
86. checking for a thread-safe mkdir -p... /bin/mkdir -p
87. checking for gawk... gawk
88. checking whether make sets $(MAKE)... yes
89. checking for gcc... gcc
90. checking whether the C compiler works... yes
91. checking for C compiler default output file name... a.out
92. checking for suffix of executables...
93. checking whether we are cross compiling... no
94. checking for suffix of object files... o
95. checking whether we are using the GNU C compiler... yes
96. checking whether gcc accepts -g... yes
97. checking for gcc option to accept ISO C89... none needed
98. checking for style of include used by make... GNU
99. checking dependency style of gcc... gcc3
100. configure: creating ./config.status
101. config.status: creating Makefile
102. config.status: creating config.h
103. config.status: executing depfiles commands
104. ~$ make
105. make  all-am
106. make[1]: Entering directory `/tmp/hello'
107. gcc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I.     -g -O2 -MT hello.o -MD -MP -MF .deps/hello.Tpo -c -o hello.o hello.c
108. mv -f .deps/hello.Tpo .deps/hello.Po
109. gcc  -g -O2   -o hello hello.o  
110. make[1]: Leaving directory `/tmp/hello'
111. ~$ ./hello
112. hello auto-tools!
113.     2.5生成发行包并检测完整性：
115. ~$ make dist && make distcheck
116. /bin/sh ./config.status --recheck
117. running CONFIG_SHELL=/bin/sh /bin/sh ./configure --no-create --no-recursion
118. checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c
119. checking whether build environment is sane... yes
120. checking for a thread-safe mkdir -p... /bin/mkdir -p
121. checking for gawk... gawk
122. checking whether make sets $(MAKE)... yes
123. checking for gcc... gcc
124. checking whether the C compiler works... yes
125. checking for C compiler default output file name... a.out
126. checking for suffix of executables...
127. checking whether we are cross compiling... no
128. checking for suffix of object files... o
129. checking whether we are using the GNU C compiler... yes
130. checking whether gcc accepts -g... yes
131. checking for gcc option to accept ISO C89... none needed
132. checking for style of include used by make... GNU
133. checking dependency style of gcc... gcc3
134. configure: creating ./config.status
135. /bin/sh ./config.status
136. config.status: creating Makefile
137. config.status: creating config.h
138. config.status: config.h is unchanged
139. config.status: executing depfiles commands
140. { test ! -d "hello-1.0" || { find "hello-1.0" -type d ! -perm -200 -exec chmod u+w {} ';' && rm -fr "hello-1.0"; }; }
141. test -d "hello-1.0" || mkdir "hello-1.0"
142. test -n "" \
143.         || find "hello-1.0" -type d ! -perm -755 \
144.                 -exec chmod u+rwx,go+rx {} \; -o \
145.           ! -type d ! -perm -444 -links 1 -exec chmod a+r {} \; -o \
146.           ! -type d ! -perm -400 -exec chmod a+r {} \; -o \
147.           ! -type d ! -perm -444 -exec /bin/sh /tmp/hello/install-sh -c -m a+r {} {} \; \
148.         || chmod -R a+r "hello-1.0"
149. tardir=hello-1.0 && /bin/sh /tmp/hello/missing --run tar chof - "$tardir" | GZIP=--best gzip -c >hello-1.0.tar.gz
150. { test ! -d "hello-1.0" || { find "hello-1.0" -type d ! -perm -200 -exec chmod u+w {} ';' && rm -fr "hello-1.0"; }; }
151. { test ! -d "hello-1.0" || { find "hello-1.0" -type d ! -perm -200 -exec chmod u+w {} ';' && rm -fr "hello-1.0"; }; }
152. test -d "hello-1.0" || mkdir "hello-1.0"
153. test -n "" \
154.         || find "hello-1.0" -type d ! -perm -755 \
155.                 -exec chmod u+rwx,go+rx {} \; -o \
156.           ! -type d ! -perm -444 -links 1 -exec chmod a+r {} \; -o \
157.           ! -type d ! -perm -400 -exec chmod a+r {} \; -o \
158.           ! -type d ! -perm -444 -exec /bin/sh /tmp/hello/install-sh -c -m a+r {} {} \; \
159.         || chmod -R a+r "hello-1.0"
160. tardir=hello-1.0 && /bin/sh /tmp/hello/missing --run tar chof - "$tardir" | GZIP=--best gzip -c >hello-1.0.tar.gz
161. { test ! -d "hello-1.0" || { find "hello-1.0" -type d ! -perm -200 -exec chmod u+w {} ';' && rm -fr "hello-1.0"; }; }
162. case 'hello-1.0.tar.gz' in \
163.         *.tar.gz*) \
164.           GZIP=--best gzip -dc hello-1.0.tar.gz | /bin/sh /tmp/hello/missing --run tar xf - ;;\
165.         *.tar.bz2*) \
166.           bzip2 -dc hello-1.0.tar.bz2 | /bin/sh /tmp/hello/missing --run tar xf - ;;\
167.         *.tar.lzma*) \
168.           lzma -dc hello-1.0.tar.lzma | /bin/sh /tmp/hello/missing --run tar xf - ;;\
169.         *.tar.xz*) \
170.           xz -dc hello-1.0.tar.xz | /bin/sh /tmp/hello/missing --run tar xf - ;;\
171.         *.tar.Z*) \
172.           uncompress -c hello-1.0.tar.Z | /bin/sh /tmp/hello/missing --run tar xf - ;;\
173.         *.shar.gz*) \
174.           GZIP=--best gzip -dc hello-1.0.shar.gz | unshar ;;\
175.         *.zip*) \
176.           unzip hello-1.0.zip ;;\
177.         esac
178. chmod -R a-w hello-1.0; chmod a+w hello-1.0
179. mkdir hello-1.0/_build
180. mkdir hello-1.0/_inst
181. chmod a-w hello-1.0
182. test -d hello-1.0/_build || exit 0; \
183.         dc_install_base=`CDPATH="${ZSH_VERSION+.}:" && cd hello-1.0/_inst && pwd | sed -e 's,^[^:\\/]:[\\/],/,'` \
184.           && dc_destdir="${TMPDIR-/tmp}/am-dc-$/" \
185.           && am__cwd=`pwd` \
186.           && CDPATH="${ZSH_VERSION+.}:" && cd hello-1.0/_build \
187.           && ../configure --srcdir=.. --prefix="$dc_install_base" \
188.              \
189.           && make  \
190.           && make  dvi \
191.           && make  check \
192.           && make  install \
193.           && make  installcheck \
194.           && make  uninstall \
195.           && make  distuninstallcheck_dir="$dc_install_base" \
196.                 distuninstallcheck \
197.           && chmod -R a-w "$dc_install_base" \
198.           && ({ \
199.                (cd ../.. && umask 077 && mkdir "$dc_destdir") \
200.                && make  DESTDIR="$dc_destdir" install \
201.                && make  DESTDIR="$dc_destdir" uninstall \
202.                && make  DESTDIR="$dc_destdir" \
203.                     distuninstallcheck_dir="$dc_destdir" distuninstallcheck; \
204.               } || { rm -rf "$dc_destdir"; exit 1; }) \
205.           && rm -rf "$dc_destdir" \
206.           && make  dist \
207.           && rm -rf hello-1.0.tar.gz \
208.           && make  distcleancheck \
209.           && cd "$am__cwd" \
210.           || exit 1
211. checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c
212. checking whether build environment is sane... yes
213. checking for a thread-safe mkdir -p... /bin/mkdir -p
214. checking for gawk... gawk
215. checking whether make sets $(MAKE)... yes
216. checking for gcc... gcc
217. checking whether the C compiler works... yes
218. checking for C compiler default output file name... a.out
219. checking for suffix of executables...
220. checking whether we are cross compiling... no
221. checking for suffix of object files... o
222. checking whether we are using the GNU C compiler... yes
223. checking whether gcc accepts -g... yes
224. checking for gcc option to accept ISO C89... none needed
225. checking for style of include used by make... GNU
226. checking dependency style of gcc... gcc3
227. configure: creating ./config.status
228. config.status: creating Makefile
229. config.status: creating config.h
230. config.status: executing depfiles commands
231. make[1]: Entering directory `/tmp/hello/hello-1.0/_build'
232. make  all-am
233. make[2]: Entering directory `/tmp/hello/hello-1.0/_build'
234. gcc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I..     -g -O2 -MT hello.o -MD -MP -MF .deps/hello.Tpo -c -o hello.o ../hello.c
235. mv -f .deps/hello.Tpo .deps/hello.Po
236. gcc  -g -O2   -o hello hello.o  
237. make[2]: Leaving directory `/tmp/hello/hello-1.0/_build'
238. make[1]: Leaving directory `/tmp/hello/hello-1.0/_build'
239. make[1]: Entering directory `/tmp/hello/hello-1.0/_build'
240. make[1]: Nothing to be done for `dvi'.
241. make[1]: Leaving directory `/tmp/hello/hello-1.0/_build'
242. make[1]: Entering directory `/tmp/hello/hello-1.0/_build'
243. make[1]: Nothing to be done for `check'.
244. make[1]: Leaving directory `/tmp/hello/hello-1.0/_build'
245. make[1]: Entering directory `/tmp/hello/hello-1.0/_build'
246. make[2]: Entering directory `/tmp/hello/hello-1.0/_build'
247. test -z "/tmp/hello/hello-1.0/_inst/bin" || /bin/mkdir -p "/tmp/hello/hello-1.0/_inst/bin"
248.   /usr/bin/install -c hello '/tmp/hello/hello-1.0/_inst/bin'
249. make[2]: Nothing to be done for `install-data-am'.
250. make[2]: Leaving directory `/tmp/hello/hello-1.0/_build'
251. make[1]: Leaving directory `/tmp/hello/hello-1.0/_build'
252. make[1]: Entering directory `/tmp/hello/hello-1.0/_build'
253. make[1]: Nothing to be done for `installcheck'.
254. make[1]: Leaving directory `/tmp/hello/hello-1.0/_build'
255. make[1]: Entering directory `/tmp/hello/hello-1.0/_build'
256. ( cd '/tmp/hello/hello-1.0/_inst/bin' && rm -f hello )
257. make[1]: Leaving directory `/tmp/hello/hello-1.0/_build'
258. make[1]: Entering directory `/tmp/hello/hello-1.0/_build'
259. make[1]: Leaving directory `/tmp/hello/hello-1.0/_build'
260. make[1]: Entering directory `/tmp/hello/hello-1.0/_build'
261. make[2]: Entering directory `/tmp/hello/hello-1.0/_build'
262. test -z "/tmp/hello/hello-1.0/_inst/bin" || /bin/mkdir -p "/tmp/am-dc-8010//tmp/hello/hello-1.0/_inst/bin"
263.   /usr/bin/install -c hello '/tmp/am-dc-8010//tmp/hello/hello-1.0/_inst/bin'
264. make[2]: Nothing to be done for `install-data-am'.
265. make[2]: Leaving directory `/tmp/hello/hello-1.0/_build'
266. make[1]: Leaving directory `/tmp/hello/hello-1.0/_build'
267. make[1]: Entering directory `/tmp/hello/hello-1.0/_build'
268. ( cd '/tmp/am-dc-8010//tmp/hello/hello-1.0/_inst/bin' && rm -f hello )
269. make[1]: Leaving directory `/tmp/hello/hello-1.0/_build'
270. make[1]: Entering directory `/tmp/hello/hello-1.0/_build'
271. make[1]: Leaving directory `/tmp/hello/hello-1.0/_build'
272. make[1]: Entering directory `/tmp/hello/hello-1.0/_build'
273. { test ! -d "hello-1.0" || { find "hello-1.0" -type d ! -perm -200 -exec chmod u+w {} ';' && rm -fr "hello-1.0"; }; }
274. test -d "hello-1.0" || mkdir "hello-1.0"
275. test -n "" \
276.         || find "hello-1.0" -type d ! -perm -755 \
277.                 -exec chmod u+rwx,go+rx {} \; -o \
278.           ! -type d ! -perm -444 -links 1 -exec chmod a+r {} \; -o \
279.           ! -type d ! -perm -400 -exec chmod a+r {} \; -o \
280.           ! -type d ! -perm -444 -exec /bin/sh /tmp/hello/hello-1.0/install-sh -c -m a+r {} {} \; \
281.         || chmod -R a+r "hello-1.0"
282. tardir=hello-1.0 && /bin/sh /tmp/hello/hello-1.0/missing --run tar chof - "$tardir" | GZIP=--best gzip -c >hello-1.0.tar.gz
283. { test ! -d "hello-1.0" || { find "hello-1.0" -type d ! -perm -200 -exec chmod u+w {} ';' && rm -fr "hello-1.0"; }; }
284. make[1]: Leaving directory `/tmp/hello/hello-1.0/_build'
285. make[1]: Entering directory `/tmp/hello/hello-1.0/_build'
286. test -z "hello" || rm -f hello
287. rm -f *.o
288. rm -f *.tab.c
289. test -z "" || rm -f
290. test . = ".." || test -z "" || rm -f
291. rm -f config.h stamp-h1
292. rm -f TAGS ID GTAGS GRTAGS GSYMS GPATH tags
293. rm -f config.status config.cache config.log configure.lineno config.status.lineno
294. rm -rf ./.deps
295. rm -f Makefile
296. make[1]: Leaving directory `/tmp/hello/hello-1.0/_build'
297. { test ! -d "hello-1.0" || { find "hello-1.0" -type d ! -perm -200 -exec chmod u+w {} ';' && rm -fr "hello-1.0"; }; }
298. ===========================================
299. hello-1.0 archives ready for distribution:
300. hello-1.0.tar.gz
301. ===========================================

复制代码

3. 一般项目并不是简单的一个.c文件。通常包括多个（嵌套的）目录。并且需要执行差异化的编译和安装，下一篇文章示范如何在一个实际项目中应用autotools。

作者：cppgp 发表于2012-2-14 17:40:22 原文链接

ztenv

autotools入门，写个简单的程序，用起来很简单，但想深入还是有些难度的，主要是资料太少，大部分都是讲解单个工程的。