GNU Autotools (autoconf, automake, libtool, etc.) 自动化编译 (2)
0. 基础先阅读GNU Autotools (autoconf, automake, libtool, etc.) 自动化编译 (1) 简单示例并成功执行、理解所说内容。
1. 先提供一个脚本。拷贝所有内容保存为文件atdir.sh并添加可执行权限，然后执行。注意，最好不要以根用户身份执行它。
#!/bin/sh
echo "Autotools for autotools multi directories (stands for atdirs)"
echo_exit()
{
echo "ERROR: $@"
exit 1
}
# 1. prepare directories and dummy files
[ ! -e "atdirs" ] || echo_exit "atdirs exists, please remove or rename it"
mkdir atdirs && cd atdirs || echo_exit "mkdir -p atdirs or cd atdirs failed"
mkdir -p doc build-aux m4 man src/{include/atdirs,lib{1,2},tests} || \
echo_exit "create subdirectory failed"
touch AUTHORS BUGS ChangeLog COPYING NEWS README || \
echo_exit "touch dummy files failed"
# 2. generates source, header files
cat > src/include/atdirs/lib1.h <<EOF
#ifndef __ATDIRS_LIB1_H_
#define __ATDIRS_LIB1_H_
void lib1_print();
#endif
EOF
cat > src/include/atdirs/lib2.h <<EOF
#ifndef __ATDIRS_LIB2_H_
#define __ATDIRS_LIB2_H_
void lib2_print();
#endif
EOF
cat > src/lib1/print.c <<EOF
#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
#include <config.h>
#endif
#include <stdio.h>
#include <atdirs/lib1.h>
void lib1_print()
{
printf("lib1-print: " PACKAGE_STRING " <lib-1>\n");
}
EOF
cat > src/lib2/print.c <<EOF
#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
#include <config.h>
#endif
#include <stdio.h>
#include <atdirs/lib2.h>
void lib2_print()
{
printf("lib2-print: " PACKAGE_STRING " <lib-2>\n");
}
EOF
cat > src/tests/test.c <<EOF
#include <atdirs/lib1.h>
#include <atdirs/lib2.h>
int main(void)
{
lib1_print();
lib2_print();
return 0;
}
EOF
# 2. generates Makefil.am files
cat > Makefile.am << EOF
SUBDIRS = doc man src
ACLOCAL_AMFLAGS = -I m4
EXTRA_DIST = ChangeLog BUGS COPYING
EOF
# doc, man needs an empty Makefile.am
touch {doc,man}/Makefile.am
# src needs a valid Makefile.am
cat > src/Makefile.am << EOF
SUBDIRS = lib1 lib2 . tests
lib_LTLIBRARIES = libatdirs.la
libatdirs_la_SOURCES =
libatdirs_la_LIBADD = lib1/libatdirs_lib1.la lib2/libatdirs_lib2.la
libatdirs_la_LDFLAGS = -release \$(PACKAGE_VERSION) -version-info 1
include_HEADERS = \$(top_srcdir)/\$(atdirs_includedir)/atdirs/lib1.h \
\$(top_srcdir)/\$(atdirs_includedir)/atdirs/lib2.h
EOF
cat > src/lib1/Makefile.am << EOF
include \$(top_srcdir)/Makefile.rules
noinst_LTLIBRARIES = libatdirs_lib1.la
libatdirs_lib1_la_SOURCES = print.c
EOF
cat > src/lib2/Makefile.am << EOF
include \$(top_srcdir)/Makefile.rules
noinst_LTLIBRARIES = libatdirs_lib2.la
libatdirs_lib2_la_SOURCES = print.c
EOF
cat > src/tests/Makefile.am << EOF
include \$(top_srcdir)/Makefile.rules
bin_PROGRAMS = test
test_SOURCES = test.c
test_LDADD = ../libatdirs.la
EOF
# Makefile.rules:
cat > Makefile.rules << EOF || echo_exit "generates Makefile.rules failed"
AM_CPPFLAGS = -I\$(top_srcdir)/\$(atdirs_includedir)
install-header:
\$(MKDIR_P) "\$(DESTDIR)\$(includedir)" || exit $?
cp -av \$(top_srcdir)/\$(atdirs_includedir) "\$(DESTDIR)\$(includedir)" \
|| exit $?
EOF
# 3. generates configure.ac
cat > configure.ac << EOF
# -*- Autoconf -*-
# Process this file with autoconf to produce a configure script.
AC_PREREQ()
AC_INIT(, , , , )
AC_CONFIG_AUX_DIR()
AC_CANONICAL_BUILD
AC_CANONICAL_HOST
AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE([-Wall -Werror gnu])
LT_INIT
AC_COPYRIGHT()
AC_REVISION([\$Revision: 1.0 \$])
AC_CONFIG_SRCDIR()
AC_CONFIG_HEADERS()
AC_CONFIG_MACRO_DIR()
# Checks for programs.
AC_PROG_CC
# Checks for libraries.
# Checks for header files.
# Checks for library functions.
AC_SUBST(, )
AC_CONFIG_FILES([Makefile
doc/Makefile
man/Makefile
src/Makefile
src/lib1/Makefile
src/lib2/Makefile
src/tests/Makefile
])
AC_OUTPUT
EOF
# 4. generates configure
echo "now try to generates configure, it may take some seconds, please wait ..."
autoreconf --install -Wall || echo_exit "autoreconf failed"
# 5. builds it
mkdir -p build && cd build || echo_exit "mkdir -p build && cd build failed"
../configure || echo_exit "configure failed"
make || echo_exit "make failed"
make DESTDIR=$PWD/install install || echo_exit "install failed"
echo "now try to make distcheck, it may take some seconds, please wait ..."
make dist && make distcheck || echo_exit "make dist && make distcheck failed"
# 6. run testecho "Run test:"./src/tests/test || echo_exit "run test failed"
echo "If you want run test positioned at install, you should set LD_LIBRARY_PATH, or else you need install it in standard directory with root privilege"
echo "Autoconf for multi directories tests success over !"
执行方法如下：
chmod +x atdirs.sh && ./atdirs.sh
如果一切正常，你应该看到类似如下的结果：Autotools for autotools multi directories (stands for atdirs)
now try to generates configure, it may take some seconds, please wait ...
libtoolize: putting auxiliary files in AC_CONFIG_AUX_DIR, `build-aux'.
libtoolize: copying file `build-aux/ltmain.sh'
libtoolize: putting macros in AC_CONFIG_MACRO_DIR, `m4'.
libtoolize: copying file `m4/libtool.m4'
libtoolize: copying file `m4/ltoptions.m4'
libtoolize: copying file `m4/ltsugar.m4'
libtoolize: copying file `m4/ltversion.m4'
libtoolize: copying file `m4/lt~obsolete.m4'
configure.ac:7: installing `build-aux/config.guess'
configure.ac:7: installing `build-aux/config.sub'
configure.ac:9: installing `build-aux/install-sh'
configure.ac:9: installing `build-aux/missing'
src/lib1/Makefile.am: installing `build-aux/depcomp'
Makefile.am: installing `./INSTALL'
checking build system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking host system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c
<--------------------------------------
中间很长的一段省略掉了。。。
--------------------------------------->
make: Leaving directory `/home/yanyg/work/git/t410/github.yanyg/misc/auto-tools/example/atdirs/build/ycc-1.0.0/_build'
rm -f config.status config.cache config.log configure.lineno config.status.lineno
rm -f Makefile
make: Leaving directory `/home/yanyg/work/git/t410/github.yanyg/misc/auto-tools/example/atdirs/build/ycc-1.0.0/_build'
{ test ! -d "ycc-1.0.0" || { find "ycc-1.0.0" -type d ! -perm -200 -exec chmod u+w {} ';' && rm -fr "ycc-1.0.0"; }; }
===========================================
ycc-1.0.0 archives ready for distribution:
ycc-1.0.0.tar.gz
===========================================
Run test:
lib1-print: atdirs 1.0.0 <lib-1>
lib2-print: atdirs 1.0.0 <lib-2>
If you want run test positioned at install, you should set LD_LIBRARY_PATH, or else you need install it in standard directory with root privilege
Autoconf for multi directories tests success over !
需要提醒的一点：libtool编译后生成的atdirs/build/src/tests/test实际上是一个脚本，实际的可执行文件在atdirs/build/src/tests/.libs下。
2. configure.ac 分析说明
3. Makefile.am 分析说明
4. autoconf 生成的 Makefile 提供的几种常用目标
5. 资源推荐
( 待续。。。）
作者：cppgp 发表于2012-2-15 23:55:49 原文链接
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