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发表于 2008-7-13 23:15:55
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ACE_Cached_Allocator
ACE_Cached_Allocator预先分配内存,然后使用它自己内部的机制来管理此内存。这样的预分配发
生在类的构造器中。所以,如果你使用此分配器,你的内存管理方案仅仅在开始时使用OS分配接口来完
成预分配。在那以后,ACE_Cached_Allocator将照管所有的内存分配和释放。
为什么要这样做呢?答案是性能和可预测性。设想一个必须高度可预测的实时系统:通过OS来分配
内存将涉及昂贵和不可预测的OS内核调用;相反,ACE_Cached_Allocator不会涉及这样的调用。在构造器中预分配的内存在空闲表中进行内部管理。该表将若干内存chunk作为它的节点。这些chunk可以是任何复杂的数据类型,你可以按你所希望的那样规定它们的实际类型。后面的例子会说明怎样去做。 在此系统中分配和释放涉及固定数量的空闲表指针操作。当用户请求内存chunk时,他将获得一个指针,而空闲表被调整。当用户释放内存时,它将回到空闲表中。如此循环往复,直到ACE_Cached_Allocator被销毁,所有的内存随之被归还给OS。在内存被用于实时系统时,需要考虑chunk
的内部碎片。
下面的例子演示ACE_Cached_Allocator是怎样被用于预分配内存,然后处理内存请求的。 -
- #include "ace/Malloc.h"
- //A chunk of size 1K is created. In our case we decided to use a simple array
- //as the type for the chunk. Instead of this we could use any struct or class
- //that we think is appropriate.
- typedef char MEMORY_BLOCK[1024];
- //Create an ACE_Cached_Allocator which is passed in the type of the
- //“chunk” that it must pre-allocate and assign on the free list.
- // Since the Cached_Allocator is a template class we can pretty much
- //pass it ANY type we think is appropriate to be a memory block.
- typedef ACE_Cached_Allocator<MEMORY_BLOCK,ACE_SYNCH_MUTEX> Allocator;
- class MessageManager
- {
- public:
- //The constructor is passed the number of chunks that the allocator
- //should pre-allocate and maintain on its free list.
- MessageManager(int n_blocks):
- allocator_(n_blocks),message_count_(0)
- {
- mesg_array_=new char*[n_blocks];
- }
- //Allocate memory for a message using the Allocator. Remember the message
- //in an array and then increase the message count of valid messages
- //on the message array.
- void allocate_msg(const char *msg)
- {
- mesg_array_[message_count_]=allocator_.malloc(ACE_OS::strlen(msg)+1);
- ACE_OS::strcpy(mesg_array_[message_count_],msg);
- message_count_++;
- }
- //Free all the memory that was allocated. This will cause the chunks
- //to be returned to the allocator’s internal free list
- //and NOT to the OS.
- void free_all_msg()
- {
- for(int i=0;i<message_count_;i++)
- allocator_.free(mesg_array_[i]);
- message_count_=0;
- }
- //Just show all the currently allocated messages in the message array.
- void display_all_msg()
- {
- for(int i=0;i<message_count_;i++)
- ACE_OS::printf("%s\n",mesg_array_[i]);
- }
- private:
- char **mesg_array_;
- Allocator allocator_;
- int message_count_;
- };
- int main(int argc, char* argv[])
- {
- if(argc<2)
- {
- ACE_DEBUG((LM_DEBUG, "Usage: %s <Number of blocks>\n", argv[0]));
- exit(1);
- }
- int n_blocks=ACE_OS::atoi(argv[1]);
- //Instantiate the Memory Manager class and pass in the number of blocks
- //you want on the internal free list.
- MessageManager mm(n_blocks);
- //Use the Memory Manager class to assign messages and free them.
- //Run this in your favorite debug environment and you will notice that the
- //amount of memory your program uses after Memory Manager has been
- //instantiated remains the same. That means the Cached Allocator
- //controls or manages all the memory for the application.
- //Do forever.
- while(1)
- {
- //allocate the messages somewhere
- ACE_DEBUG((LM_DEBUG,"\n\n\nAllocating Messages\n"));
- for(int i=0; i<n_blocks;i++){
- ACE_OS::sprintf(message,"Message %d: Hi There",i);
- mm.allocate_msg(message);
- }
- //show the messages
- ACE_DEBUG((LM_DEBUG,"Displaying the messages\n"));
- ACE_OS::sleep(2);
- mm.display_all_msg();
- //free up the memory for the messages.
- ACE_DEBUG((LM_DEBUG,"Releasing Messages\n"));
- ACE_OS::sleep(2);
- mm.free_all_msg();
- }
- return 0;
- }
复制代码 这个简单的例子包含了一个消息管理器,它对缓存式分配器进行实例化。该分配器随即用于无休止地分配、显示和释放消息。但是,该应用的内存使用并没有变化。你可以通过你喜欢的调试工具来检查这一点。 |
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